Abstract

With the global aquaculture industry transforming towards green intensification, microecological preparations, as the core carrier of antibiotic alternatives, have achieved leapfrog development in their research and application. This article systematically reviews the classification system and innovation in the mechanism of action of microecological preparations, with a focus on analyzing the application effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in water quality regulation, disease prevention and control, and growth enhancement. Studies have shown that the screening system combining genomics with multi-dimensional experiments, AI-driven intelligent application technologies, and the synergistic effects of compound preparations have become research hotspots. However, issues such as stability control and standardized production still need to be addressed. In the future, it is necessary to promote the large-scale application of microecological preparations in aquaculture through interdisciplinary technology integration and standardization construction.