The integration of renewable energy sources in agricultural systems holds the potential to revolutionize farming by reducing dependence on fossil fuels and enhancing sustainability. This review article explores the various renewable energy technologies—solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal—and their applications in modern agricultural systems. These technologies are increasingly being adopted to power irrigation systems, greenhouses, animal operations, and post-harvest processing units. The paper highlights the benefits of renewable energy integration, such as reduced operational costs, carbon footprint reduction, and enhanced energy security for farmers. Despite the clear advantages, challenges such as high initial costs, technological constraints, and intermittent energy supply remain significant barriers. By reviewing current literature and real-world case studies, this article assesses the potential for scaling renewable energy solutions across different agricultural practices. It also discusses policy frameworks and innovations necessary to foster widespread adoption of renewable energy in agriculture.